Friday, May 22, 2020

Using the Spanish Word Seguro

As a cognate of the English word secure, seguro has most of the meanings of secure as well as a few of its own. It is used most often to refer to safety, security, dependability, and certainly, concepts that overlap. The most common translations are secure, safe, and certain, although others are possible. Seguro Referring to Safety Some examples of seguro as an adjective referring to safety: Segà ºn las estadà ­sticas, el avià ³n es el medio de transporte mà ¡s seguro. (Statistically, the airplane is the safest form of transport.)Los padres quieren saber que son seguros los juegos que està ¡n jugando sus hijos.  (The parents want to know that the games their children are playing are safe.)El hotel cerca del aeropuerto es el à ºltimo lugar seguro. (The hotel near the airport is the ultimate safe place.)Necesito un silloncito seguro para el bebà ©. (I need a safe chair for the baby.)Haz tu casa segura para tu familia. (Make your home safe for your family.) ¿Alguien sabe de una fuente segura de medicina? (Does anyone know of a safe source of medicine?) Seguro Related to Security Seguro is commonly used as an adjective when referring to various kinds of security, both physical and virtual: Sus datos estarà ¡n seguros. (Your data will be secure.)La ciudad tiene una estacià ³n de trenes segura y accesible. (The city has a secure and accessible train station.)Los telà ©fonos mà ³viles ya no son seguros. (Cellphones still arent secure.)La Sala de Situaciones de la Casa Blanca posee sistemas de comunicaciones seguras. (The White House Situation Room has secure communications systems.) ¿Se puede lograr que una ciudad sea segura contra los terroristas que utilizan vehà ­culos como armas? (Can a city achieve being secure against terrorists who use vehicles as weapons?) Other Meanings for Seguro In some contexts, seguro can refer to reliability or trustworthiness: No puedo arriesgar la vida de mis hombres en un plan poco seguro. (I cant risk the life of my men on an undependable plan.)Necesito respuestas seguras porque me muero de nervios. (I need reliable answers because Im dying of anxiety.)La biometrà ­a està ¡ creciendo como mà ©todo seguro de identificacià ³n de usuarios. (Biometrics is in creating as an effective  method of user identification.) Seguro can refer to certainty: La etimologà ­a de la palabra no es segura. (The etymology of the word isnt certain.)No estoy seguro de cà ³mo ayudar a alguien con problemas financieros. (Im not sure how to help someone with financial problems.)Pasaron tres o cuatro minutos, no estoy seguro.  (Three or four minutes passed, Im not sure.) Note again that the meanings above can overlap, and context may be necessary to determine what is meant. For example, one of the  sentence above — Los telà ©fonos mà ³viles ya no son seguros — came from an article about the security of information transmitted over the airwaves. But in a different context, the same sentence might have been referring to whether such cellphones can cause cancer. Seguro as a Noun As a noun, el seguro can refer to a safe place in general, or more specifically as a safety latch or other device that keeps something or someone safe. (In some regions, it can refer specifically to a safety pin.) A seguro can also refer to an insurance policy, especially one covering health or protection for injuries. Muchos alpinistas prefieran los mosquetones con seguros de acero. (Many climbers prefer carabiners with steel screw locks.)El seguro casero se requiere en cualquier prà ©stamo casero. (Homeowners insurance is required for any home loan.)Tiene seguros especiales para que el bebà © se quede fijo a la hamaca. (We have special devices so the baby can remain attached to the hammock.) Related Words and Etymology Words related to seguro include asegurar (to assure, to insure, to secure, to make sure), segurar (a shortened version of asegurar), seguridad (security, safety), and seguramente (securely, surely, probably). Seguro comes from the Latin securus, which had a similar meaning. The most closely related English words are secure, sure, and security, although there is also a more distant relationship with secret (secreto in Spanish). Key Takeaways Seguro is related to the English word secure and usually is an adjective that conveys the idea of safety or security.In some contexts, seguro can convey the idea of certainty or usefulness.As noun, seguro often refers to insurance or a thing that provides for safety.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Effect Of A Mood Disorder On Maternal Behavioral Outcomes

The birth of a baby can provoke a lot of emotions. Mothers particularly can have a range of emotions, including depression. Many mothers experience postpartum â€Å"baby blues†. Baby blues include symptoms of crying, anxiety, mood swings, and problems sleeping for about two weeks (Postpartum, n.d.). However, postpartum depression (PPD) is more severe and long-term. Mothers with postpartum depression experience similar symptoms of baby blues, however these symptoms are more intense and extreme. This disorder not only makes it difficult for them to complete daily care activities for themselves, but also for their baby and others. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and impact of how a mood disorder can influence maternal behavioral outcomes. Background There is sometimes an assumption that mothers from other cultures do not experience PPD. Postpartum depression occurs in 10% to 15% of women who have recently given birth and is not non-existent in other cultures (Surkan, 2013). Rather, this form of depression may be less tolerated, less likely to be discussed, and other cultures may have less resources to help these women. As mentioned earlier, childbirth can provoke a range of emotions. With that being said, cultural standards have put it upon the mother to only experience joy and happiness upon the birth of her child. It may be expected that the new mother know what she is doing and she will be shamed upon for feeling sad or depressed. Furthermore, since theShow MoreRelatedNo Perinatal Mental Illnesses Have Linked With An Increased Risk Of Suicide Essay920 Words   |  4 Pagescauses of maternal mortality in the last two decades and in the perinatal period the rate is not showing any signs of improvement. In 2005 among women age d 15 to 44 years suicide was the fourth cause of death in the US (Mendez-Bustos, Lopez-Castroman, Baca-Garcà ­a, Ceverino, 2013). A 2006-2008 review of maternal death in the UK identified psychiatric disorders and suicide in particular as the leading cause of maternal death. In those same years there were 1.27 maternal deaths per 100,000 maternal deliveriesRead MoreThe Maternal Depression During Pregnancy Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesMATERNAL DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY Sasha Safi 20122595 Notre Dame University PSL 310 Dr. Lara El Khatib January, 7, 2016 MATERNAL DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY When pregnant especially for the first time many women inform themselves on things they can do that are beneficial for the growth and development of their baby and things they should avoid or not do since it can be dangerous for their baby such as smokingRead MoreChildhood Illness : A Look At Postpartum Depression1538 Words   |  7 PagesMaternal Mental illness: A look at Postpartum Depression, its new inclusion into DSM-5, and treatment issues Antonella Uribe John Jay College of Criminal Justice INTRODUCTION Sandra was a 26 year old mother of four children who had been married for eight years. She had given birth to her fourth child two months ago, with the help of a midwife. Due to her husband’s recent pay cut, and already difficult financial situation, Sandra did not receive any antenatal or postnatalRead MoreChildren s Mental Health Problems1537 Words   |  7 Pagesworsen. The child may develop Conduct Disorders and also negatively affect their adult life (adult criminality and substance abuse). Treatment is imperative for these children as they are extremely malleable and positive intervention can only help them in the future. Another important aspect to note is parental characteristics and involvement. Children do not develop externalizing behavior isolated. Parents play an immense role in their child’s emotional, behavioral and social functioning. Every uniqueRead MoreCeleste Karr. Mhs 4408. Research Paper. 04/26/17. I Chose1424 Words   |  6 Pagesprevention of d eveloping mental, emotional and behavioral disorders. Being able to identify risk factors in a child s life and their displaying behaviors that may lead to a disorder. The preventive models that can be put in place early on to prevent a cognitive or emotional disorder from forming. To introduce this topic we will first identify what a MEB disorder consists of. MEB disorders are health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, and/or behavior that are associated withRead MoreSickle Cell Disease : African Americans1378 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans Cristina Martinez Nova Southeastern University Sickle Cell Disease on African Americans Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive hereditary blood disorder which causes damage to the cerebrovascular system including important organs such as the spleen and liver due to abnormal red blood cells (Scott Scott, 1999). Sickle cell disorder is caused by mutations in the HBB gene then hemoglobin S and other abnormal beta-globin chains create a rigid consistency that is effortlessly lysed and moreRead MoreDepression And Anxiety786 Words   |  4 Pagesanxiety are common during pregnancy and greatly effect a women’s health behaviors. The impact of women’s mental health on alcohol use is very significant to examine as prenatal alcohol use, which is common and can have serious negative consequences for the evolving fetus. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety can increase risk for binge drinking during pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy may be associated with extremely detrimental effects for the developing fetus. Prenatal alcohol exposureRead MoreThe Uk System Is That Of Health Visitors1665 Words   |  7 Pagespregnant and postpartum are assessed and treated promptly (within four weeks and three months) of referral respectively (NICE guidelines, 2014). They are trained to recognize clinical features and risk factors associated with perinatal psychiatric disorder and to promptly refer to perinatal mental health and psychological services. Unlike the US, in the UK midwives are the coordinators of care for all women throughout pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period. During pregnancy they are responsibleRead MoreMother Infant Dyads Completed All Aspects Of The Study Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pageschanges perceptions of mood, skewing the results, and there is not enough women in the study to make a concise prognosis. To assess the mothers’ postpartum psychiatric difficulties the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS; Beck Gable, 2000) was used. Prior to treatment, mothers completed a self-report questionnaire packed comprised of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1993), the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF; Abidin, 1995), and the Maternal Self-Report Inventory-ShortRead MorePrevalence Of Depression Among Pregnant Women1465 Words   |  6 Pagesinhibitors are the most popular antidepressants taken during pregnancy. Side effects that could take place from these antidepressants are persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, ADHD, increased chances of spontaneous abortion, and smaller birth size in the infant.3,4 Introduction: When a woman is pregnant it is extremely important that she is physically and emotionally healthy. Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among many people. Depression tends to have a social stigma attached to

Saturday, May 9, 2020

What Everybody Dislikes About How to Write College Papers and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About How to Write College Papers and Why Top Choices of How to Write College Papers An excellent sample should aid in improving your vocabulary. The many years they've spent writing college papers for students give them with the capacity to supply excellent papers. With the many activities that they have on their daily schedules, it can be hard to find the time to all the requisite research and writing. Although modern students are not content with different assignments they must finish, every paper has a critical aim. Buying a research paper sample for college submission is among the options. Our Harvard style papers are also custom written in line with the instructions offered by our clientele. Write down whatever you deem even slightly pertinent to your paper when you're researching. You may have to acquire a term paper in order to provide your teacher a high superior assignment in a timely method. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Similarities and Differences Between the Juvenile Justice...

Running Head: JUVENILE V. CRIMINAL 1 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System Ronda Cauchon CJ150-01 Professor Abreu Kaplan University October 9, 2012 JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 2 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System In the earliest of times, juvenile offenders were treated the same as adult offenders. They were arrested, placed in custody, tried, as well as, imprisoned in the same facilities that housed adult offenders. Punishment was the primary goal when it came to the handling of either of these offenders, now†¦show more content†¦Juveniles involved in less serious crimes JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 3 such as shoplifting and runaways, have been diverted from court action. Court proceedings for juveniles as well as the records are sealed and not available to the public, while adult criminal proceedings and records are deemed public. Officers also deal with juvenile and adult offenders differently. They have several options when dealing with a juvenile offender; they may release the juvenile with a simple warning, they may also release the juvenile and file a report on the contact they had with them, they have the option to take the juvenile to the police station and make referrals to outside programs like youth services, they may also refer the juvenile to juvenile court intake either with or without detention. In dealing with adult criminal cases the options of officers pale in comparison, they offender is either arrested or released with a warning. Once in custo dy of the police, juvenile are generally released to the custody of their parent or guardians and adult offenders are offered the opportunity to pay bail. Parents in juvenile proceeding have a greater involvement in the trial process where in the adult process; parentalShow MoreRelatedJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreJuvenile vs Adult Justice System Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Justice v Juvenile Justice System There is no question that if a person is involved in any type of crime they will at some time make their way through the justice system. However, when that person is an adolescent they will go through the juvenile justice system, as an adult would go through the adult justice system. Even though the crimes of each can be of the same manner or hold the same severity the punishment results can differ. The main reason for having the two different justiceRead MoreEssay on Adult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System1145 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System Versus CJ150: Juvenile Delinquency Josh Skaggs There are many similarities and differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. Although juvenile crimes have increased in violence and intensity in the last decade, there is still enough difference between the two legal proceedings, and the behaviors themselves, to keep the systems separated. There is room for changes in each structure. However, we cannot treat/punish juvenileRead MoreJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. Then the concept of parens patriae occurred to establish the right to intervene in a child’s life when there were issues (Siegel, 2016). The next majorRead MoreCrime And Juvenile And Adult Crimes1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s criminal justice system in the United States, there is a lot of dispute between what the qualifications are for juvenile and adult crimes. Some believe that the only difference is age. Others say it is the severity of the crime. It’s obvious that when adults commit crimes, whether they are a misdemeanor offense or a felony, they pay for it. The confliction comes when a juvenile commits a crime. What exactly determines if they are tried as an adult or a juvenile? Does it vary by state-to-stateRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 Pagesbe discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems share many of the same termsRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreJuvenile System vs Adult System609 Words   |  3 PagesMy thoughts on this subject are pretty limited in reference to the similarities and differences between the juvenile and adult justice systems. What I have known is that in Colorado anyone under the age of 18 is considered a juvenile and if they commit a crime and if they are charged they go to a juvenile facility. Depending on the seriousness of the charge determines if they would be held or released to their parents. I believe their parents must be notified and present when they are advised ofRead More French and American Criminal Justice Systems Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Criminal Justice Systems There many different criminal justice systems in the world today. Some that consists of many of the same policies and some that are considerably different. In the case of France and the U.S. there are a lot of similarities, but I will be focusing on the differences between each of their systems. The aspects that I will be comparing are police, courts, the legal profession, legal education, criminal procedural law, corrections, and juvenile justice and the advantagesRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Its Effects On Society1722 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice is compared in chapter thirteen. In the nineteenth century, there was an increased number of children at risk and chronic poverty. This overall was a general concern because there was an increase of people in the â€Å"dangerous classes†. There was a child saving movement, in which the poor children represented a threat to the moral fabric of society. The nineteenth century was a time where they had a house of refuge. In this house of refuge, they had a society for the prevention of pauperism

Environmental Awareness Among Prospective Teachers Free Essays

Environmental Awareness among Prospective Teachers of Himachal Pradesh Dr. Ajay Kumar Attri Lecturer, Deptt. Of Education, MLSM College Sundernagar, Mandi (HP) ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to compare the environmental awareness of male and female, science and arts and rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Awareness Among Prospective Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sample comprised 260 (130 male and 130 female) prospective teachers. For the study Environment Awareness Ability Measure (EAAM) was developed and standardized by Parveen Kumar Jha (1998) consisted of 71 items was used. It was found that environmental awareness of prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh remains almost the same as far as effect of gender, stream and locale is concerned. This may be attributed to the fact that prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh were studying ‘Education for Human Value, Environment and Human Right’ as a compulsory subject during their B. Ed course. INTRODUCTION: India is one of the first countries where the constitution recognized the need for harmonizing environmental concerns with development. Article 48A specifically directs ‘The state shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forest and wildlife in the country’ and Article 51A (g) enjoins upon Indian citizens a fundamental duty ‘to protect and improve the natural. The concept environment can be understood in totally of all components surrounding the man i. e. environment is the sum of all social, biological, physical and chemical factors which compose the surroundings of man. Each component of these surroundings constitutes a resource on which man draws with a view of promoting human welfare. According to a Report of a Conference of African Education at Nairobi (1968) â€Å"Environmental Education is to create an awareness and understanding of the evolving social and physical environment as a whole, its natural, manmade, cultural, spiritual resources together with the rational use and conservation of these resources for development†. CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS: The issue of environmental awareness is becoming global in nature. It has also drawn the attention of common people as environmental degradation and pollution are causing a serious threat to survival of mankind. There are several factors like thinning of ozone layer, creation of ozone hole, over population of many developing countries, the ever-increasing natural and technological disasters and threat of chemical and radiation hazards are threatening to wipe out the humanity from the earth. There are four major and integrating components of environmental awareness–knowledge, real life situation, conservation and sustainable development. Himachal Pradesh Government is trying to promote the development of an economically and environmentally sound eco-system while endeavoring to improve the living standards of the people in the state. The government is conscious of the intrinsic value of the environment and of ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values there of further the government of Himachal Pradesh is trying to conserve and enhance the environment and follow a policy of sustainable development. Being aware of its central role in directing the development on a sustainable matrix, it calls upon people of Panchayatiraj, Local bodies, institutions and the organs of state for extending their full cooperation in this effort. REVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH: The number of research studies has been undertaken by investigators on environmental awareness of students at various levels of education and findings of the same are as: Shahnawaj (1990) found that a very high level of awareness existed on the part of teachers and students and also found that environmental awareness was more in urban groups than in the rural group. Santipapwiwatana (1991) concluded that awareness of students was satisfactory with respect to environment. Gopalkrishan (1992) inferred that children were inspired from nvironmental education. Patel (1994) observed that the male teachers with long school experience of urban area are more aware about the environment education. Vashisht (1995) inferred that the level of awareness was found to be higher in case of boys as compared to girls. Bala (1996) indicated that level of awareness of university students especially university boys were satisfactory with respect to environment. Kumari (1999) fo und that private school teachers were more aware about environment as compared to government school teachers. Sharma (2000) indicated that urban students were more aware about their environment, about forests and environment component as compared to rural students. Owena (2000) concluded that the environmental literacy of urban middle school teachers were almost satisfactory. Thakur (2003) concluded that at primary stage both the rural and urban students are not much aware about environmental situation. Biasan (2005) concluded that both government and private school students have the same level of environmental awareness. Nagra and Dhillon (2006) inferred that Science teachers showed higher environmental education awareness than art teachers. Nagra, et. al. (2007) showed that secondary school teachers showed significant variation in environmental education awareness than elementary school teachers. The male and female secondary school teacher showed significant variation in environmental educational awareness. OBJECTIVES: 1. To find out the significant difference between mean scores of Male and Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. 2. To investigate the significant difference between mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. 3. To study the significant difference between mean scores of rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. HYPOTHESES: 1. There will be no significant difference between mean scores of Male and Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. 2. There will be no significant difference between mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. . There will be no significant difference between mean scores of rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness. METHOD AND PROCEDURE: In the present study descriptive survey method of research was used and following method and procedure was used. POPULATION: All the prospective teachers of private B. Ed colleges of Himachal Pradesh constituted t he population of the study. SAMPLE: For the selection of 260 prospective teachers (130 male and 130 female) from the 8 private B. Ed colleges, method of convenient sampling was adopted. VARIABLE STRUCTURE: Gender, Stream and locale constituted the independent variables whereas Environmental awareness was the criterion variable. TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY: Environment Awareness Ability Measure (EAAM) was developed and standardized by Parveen Kumar Jha (1998) consisted of 71 items was used. The value of Reliability co-efficient varies between 0. 61 to 0. 84. It was quite valid as the items in it had already been treated and their content made relevant by incorporating the suggestions of the various experts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: To test the hypothesis of the study t-test was performed on the scores of environmental awareness. The summary of the obtained results has been presented in Table-1. It is evident from the table-1 that the ‘t’-value testing the significance of mean difference among the Male and Female prospective teachers was calculated as 0. 15, which is non-significant both at 0. 05 and 0. 01 levels of confidence, which reflects that mean scores of Male and Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh do not differ significantly on environmental awareness. Thus, the null hypothesis that â€Å"There will be no significant difference between mean scores of total Male and total Female prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness† is accepted. Thus it may be concluded that Male and Female prospective teachers don’t differ significantly in their awareness toward environment. Table 1 Summary of the Statistical Calculations for Obtaining ‘t’-values with regard to Environmental Awareness among Prospective Teachers of Himachal Pradesh on Gender, Stream and Locale |Group |N |Mean |S. D. |t-value |Result | |(Prospective | | | | | | |Teachers) | | | | | | |Male |130 |44. 20 |4. 52 |0. 15 |Non-significant at | | | | | | |0. 05 level | |Female |130 |44. 12 |3. 91 | | | |Science |130 |44. 8 |4. 88 |0. 44 |Non-significant at | | | | | | |0. 05 level | |Arts |130 |44. 05 |3. 45 | | | |Rural |65 |43. 94 |5. 10 | |Non-significant at | | | | | |0. 66 |0. 05 level | |Urban |65 |44. 46 |3. 87 | | | Further, Table-1 indicates that the calculated ‘t’ value showing the significant difference in the mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers came out to be 0. 44, which is not significant even at 0. 05 level of confidence thereby, accepting the null hypothesis that â€Å"There will be no significant difference between mean scores of Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness†. Hence it may be concluded that Science and Arts prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh don’t differ significantly on environmental awareness i. e. they have almost similar awareness toward environment. Table-1 further shows that the‘t’-value reflecting the significance of mean difference among the rural and rural prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh was calculated as 0. 66, which is non-significant at 0. 05 level of confidence. Thus, the null hypothesis that â€Å"There will be no significant difference between mean scores of rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh on environmental awareness† stands accepted. Thus, it may be concluded from the above interpretation that rural and urban prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh don’t differ significantly at environmental awareness i. . locale does not show much effect on environmental awareness of prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh. Thus, on the basis of the conclusions, it is inferred that environmental awareness of prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh remains almost the same as far as effect of gender, stream and locale is concerned thereby showing that gender, stream and loc ale do not show much impact on their environmental awareness. This may be attributed to the fact that environmental education has become the integral part of school as well as college curriculum. Same is the case with prospective teachers of Himachal Pradesh who study ‘Education for Human Value, Environment and Human Right’ as a compulsory subject. This gives them complete awareness about environment in relation to both stream and sex. Also, our findings get support from the study of Thakur (2003) which reflected that sex groups had equal awareness regarding the environment. REFERENCES: Bala, I. (1996) A Study of Environmental Awareness among University Students, M. Ed. Dissertation, Department of Education, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Biasan, A. 2005) Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness Among Government and Private Secondary School Students in District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, M. Ed. Dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla,. Constitution of India (Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy) †¦ Article 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests. Gopal Krishan, S. (1992) An Impact of Environmenta l Education on Primary School Children, Fifth Survey of Research in Education (1988-92), Vol. II, NCERT, New Delhi. Kumari, S. (1999) A Study of Environmental Awareness among Elementary School Teachers. M. Ed Dissertation, Department of Education H. P. U, Shimla. Maheswari, B. K. and Sharma, B. L. (2004) Education for Values, Environment and Human Rights. Merrut: Surya Publication, PP. 1-4. Ministry of Education, Government of India (1985) Challenge of education: a policy perspective. Document C06370 Nagra, V. and Dhillion, S. Jaiswinder (2006) Environmental Education Awareness among Secondary School Teachers. Perspective in Education, Vol. 21, No. 3 Nagra Vipinder and Dhillion, S. Jaiswinder (2007) Environmental Education Awareness among School Teachers in Relation to Level and Gender. Perspective in Education, Vol. 3, No. 2 Nairobi(1968), Third Conference of Ministers of Education in African Member States (MINEDAF III) Owena and Marcia, A. (2001) The Environmental Literacy of Urban Middle School Teachers. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 61. No. 4 Patel, Delip, G. , (1994) Environmental Awareness of Primary School Teachers in the Progress of Education, Dissertation Abstract s International, Vol. 58 (10-11), P. 234. Santipapwiwatana, Winyoo (1991), Knowledge and Opinions Concerning Environmental Conservation of Prathomsuksa, Six Students in Amphur, Chaiangkham, Phayao Province, Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 2. Shahnawaj, (1990) Environmental Awareness and Environmental Attitude of Secondary and Higher Secondary School Teachers and Students, Fifth Survey of Educational Research, Trend Reports, vol. I, New Delhi: NCERT. Sharma, Rajeshwar. (2000) A Study of Environmental Awareness among Primary School Students, M. Ed. Dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Vashisht, K. Narinder (1995) A Study of Environmental Awareness among Adolescent Students, M. Ed. Dissertation, Department of Education, H. P. U. , Shimla. How to cite Environmental Awareness Among Prospective Teachers, Essay examples

External Analysis of the Casino Industry free essay sample

One of the top industries in the US is the casino industry, which is in the process of expanding into new states and increasing its market availability. There are many factors that play into the growth of the casino industry such as different rules and regulations from both the federal and state governments to go along with the business factors of technology, social acceptance and target demographic. The companies within the industry also have to look at Porters five forces to determine whether or not that the company they are in is a strong or weak one. An industry consists of a group of companies that have similar products/services, and have a similar way of delivering them to the consumer. There are many companies that make up the casino industry. In 2012 the total revenue for the casino industry is $98. 4 billion. (Casinos Gaming Industry Profile) The top five companies that make up the revenue are Marriott International, Las Vegas Sands, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, MGM Resorts International, and Starwood Hotels and Resorts. Marriott International brought in $12,317 million in revenue, Las Vegas Sands brought in $9,410.7 million dollars, Caesars Entertainment Corporations brought in $8,834. 5 million dollar in revenue, MGM Resorts International brought in $7,849. 3 million dollars in revenue, and Starwood Hotel and Resorts brought in $5,624. 0 million in revenue. (CNNMoney) The casino industry would be considered an oligopoly due to the fact that there are only a few strong companies within the industry. The company would be considered concentrated because the top five companies are containing fifty percent of the market value. The casino industry would is vertically integrated. The companies within the industry own the casinos, which are close to the customer making the industry forward vertically integrated. There are seven factors that can affect an industry. The casino industry, like every other industry, must take these factors into consideration when deciding whether they should expand, or where they should move towards in the future so they can strive. These seven factors are demographics, social forces, general economics, rules and regulations, natural environment, technological, and global forces. One factor that closely affects the casino industry is regulatory factor. The casino industry doesn’t only have to follow state rules and regulations, but also federal rules and regulation. Currently there are casinos in 36 out of 50 states. Every time a casino decides to open up within a state they have to look at what laws and regulations each state has. For example in New York right now casinos can only open up with Video Lottery Terminals and Electronic Table Games currently. There are no casinos in the state of New York that have actual table games due to this law. A federal law that all casinos must abide by is the age for gambling. The current age for gambling in casinos is 21 years old. In New Jersey the New Jersey Casino Control Act was signed in 1977, which restricted the issuance of casino licensing to major hotels. By doing this it ensured that the existing nature of hospitality in the state would be preserved. (New Jersey Casino Control Commission) While rules and regulations is the main factor of the seven factors of the casino industry, another factor that is important to the casino industry is the changes in technology. With technology changing everyday, the casino industry has to take that into effect. More and more people don’t have to leave their homes anymore if they want to play the same games that they can find in the casinos. With online gaming starting to grow more and more the casinos within the industry have to think of new ways to get people back into their casinos. â€Å"Gambling in the U. S. is controlled by a few land-based casinos and some powerful Indian casinos,† said Chris Griffin, chief executive of Betable, a London gambling start-up that handles the gaming licenses and betting mechanics of the business for developers. â€Å"What potentially becomes an interesting counterweight is all of a sudden thousands of developers in Silicon Valley making money overseas and wanting to turn their efforts inward and make money in the U. S. † (The New York Times) By seeing how well this part of the industry is doing overseas, many states are trying to adapt this within their state to help raise tax revenue for their state. By introducing electronic slot and table games into the casinos, the industry has found a way to adapt the changes of technology. Electronic slot machines and video games revolutionized the casino business, and the industry wants to exploit this cash cow to the fullest. One proposal gaining a lot of attention is the idea of a universally configurable game machine that downloads the gaming â€Å"software† a new slots game, or pretty much anything else thus eliminating the need to constantly bring in new machines and shuffle out the less popular ones. Variations on networked game play locally, nationally and globally will become more commonplace. In addition, some table games are even getting mechanized, with automated versions of roulette and craps popping up in Europe and set to test soon in the United States. (TODAY. com) By having these new electronic slot machines and other electronic games, the casino industry is able to cut down cost on having to switch out the games every time one goes out of style. Even though technology is changing everyday and is keeping some people out of the casinos, the industry as a whole is taking advantage of these changes in order to cut down costs. Technology is also a driving force for the casino industry today. With it always changing, it forces the industry to keep up with it to change as well. The natural environment is another factor that the casino industry has to take into consideration. Recently Hurricane Sandy wiped out part of the industry that is in New Jersey. Atlantic City has some of the top companies within the casino industry, and was destroyed when Hurricane Sandy hit. With this natural disaster hitting the casino industry has to see how much it would cost to rebuild and if it would be worth to rebuild once disaster hits. Another factor of the natural environment the casino industry takes into effect is the â€Å"going green† initiative. Currently Las Vegas is soon to be home to the largest concentration of environmentally friendly hotel rooms. (American Gaming) By going green in their hotels, the casinos in Las Vegas are able to cut down costs while still being efficient. Another factor that always affects an industry is the general economic factor. Right now the country unemployment rate is at a high. This affects the casino industry because with people out of jobs, not many people can afford to go to the casinos and spend money. In some states they are using the casino industry to help lower their unemployment rates. â€Å"In Mississippi, the Legislature legalized gambling, in part to promote development in the Mississippi delta. One county, Tunica, was the poorest county in Mississippi, the poorest state. Tunica was once called Americas Ethiopia. Since gambling was made legal, the welfare rate was cut by a third and the proportion of people receiving food stamps has fallen. Unemployment is down to 4. 9 percent, its lowest rate in nearly two decades. † (Economic Impacts of Gambling. ) Seeing how the casino industry helped Mississippi, other states are starting to introduce the casino industry into them to help the unemployment rate. With the unemployment rate down helps the casino industry also, because it can drive people into coming back to the casinos. A social factor that may affect the casino industry is how some people do not want casinos within their city due to the way crime and gambling is related. â€Å"But the casinos also lead to a plethora of social ills, including increased substance abuse, mental illness and suicide, violent crime, auto theft and larceny, and bankruptcy. The latter three all increased by 10 percent in communities that allowed gambling. † (Washingtonpost.com) Not only does this affect how the people see the casino industry not wanting them to be a part of their city, it also affects the casino industry because they are unable to expand. With serious social issues such as crime and suicide increasing once a casino is brought to their city, it can turn away other states from allowing the casino industry to emerge into theirs. The demographic factors that the casino industry ha s to deal with are what age they are presenting to, be they trying to loure in the males or the females of the household. â€Å"The data suggested, for example, that women devote more of their spending to slot machines than to table games like blackjack, and that men have a higher level of skill at the gaming tables than women. † (KnowledgeWharton) The casino industry can see how the demographics of the city are spread out to know whether or not to put more table games for the men or slot machines for the women. Also in states with older people, such as Florida, the casino industry would want to start to build in. Studies are showing that more and more senior citizens are going to casinos to gamble. (CasinoWatch) Casinos in certain states are taking hold of this opportunity and gaining competitive edge over the others. This factor can be a key success factor for some of the casinos within the industry. The last factor the can affect the casino industry is global forces. Changes in the global market can affect how well the casino industry doesn’t just do in the United States, but all in the entire world. Global economic downturn impacted adversely the land-based casino markets in Canada, US, UK and Japan as the credit markets considerably tightened, and money inflows became a major concern. A number of entertainment industries suffered losses as disposable income declined. Las Vegas and Atlantic City in the US were both severely affected by the recession. Las Vegas even offered lucrative deals for flights and hotel stays to attract casino gamblers as lesser people traveled during the slowdown period. However the online casino industry continued to display steady growth, even during the period of financial crisis, as they offered extended periods of entertainment for relatively lower stakes. While large online casinos are expected to witness a healthy growth, the relatively smaller ones are projected to exhibit negative growth rates in the near future. (Global Industry Analysts) With the recession, the physical casinos in the United States have been losing customers because of the higher stakes people have to make while there. Unlike the online casino industry, which hasn’t really been affected by this recession because, its consumers do not have to bet as much as they would in the actual casino. This factor can also be a driving force, because now the casino industry has to find ways to make its consumers to leave their house and come back into the physical casino at a lower cost to them. The five forces impact every industry on earth, either restricting or facilitating growth. The United States casino industry is no different. Porters’’ five forces help to determine whether the casino industry is a strong or weak one by looking at the buyer power, degree of rivalry, new entrants, substitutes, and supplier power. Buyer power of the five forces consists of backwards integration, buyer independence, buyer size, financial muscle, low-cost switching, oligopsony threat, price sensitivity, product dispensability, tendency to switch, and undifferentiated product. In 2012 all but buyer independence was moderate to weak. Buyer independence was a strong force within the buyer power. The consumers of today have many different ways of being able to gamble. Whether it is by slot machines or card games, the buyer has the power to choose which medium it wants to be present in. Overall this sector of the five forces tends to be moderate. (Casinos Gaming Industry Profile) The degree of rivalry within the casino industry is a moderate one. The casino industry has a large number of faces within it. For the larger faces of the industry their casinos are their sole activity, making them maintain those revenues. Other companies within the industry have more than just their casinos bringing in their revenue which can weaken this sector of the industry because it makes exiting so easy. With exiting the industry so easily, the degree of rivalry will go down because there are fewer companies to compete against. (Casinos Gaming Industry Profile) The new entrants force of the five forces is an important one to focus on. If companies can just enter into an industry easily than the new entrants force would be a strong one. If it is hard, such as the casino industry is, than the force would be a weak one. The casino industry is a little tougher than most industries to just break in to. There are many laws and regulations, which every potential new casino must take into consideration before opening up. Also when opening up a new casino the potential casino owner must require a large amount of capital to establish it. With these forces acting against the entrants of new casinos, this part of the five forces would be a moderate to weak force. (Casinos Gaming Industry Profile) Threat of substitutes is a strong force within the casino industry. With technology growing everyday, online casinos threaten the casino industry. Technology can easily substitute anything for the consumer today. Today all we need is either a tablet or a smartphone and we can do virtually anything with it, among which is going online to an online casino. This threat is strong do to that. Technology is making it cheaper for the consumer to gamble, and also making it more beneficial for the consumer since they don’t have to leave their house. (Casinos Gaming Industry Profile) The supplier power of the casino industry varies along with the player. Most casinos today are positioning themselves with hospitality. They are looking to locate themselves where there is popular tourism along side with hotels. The larger casinos, but the machinery or services that they provide are important to the success and functioning of the casinos, which they provide to, do not recognize the companies, which supply the equipment to these casinos. â€Å"Larger suppliers diversify geographically to guard against over-dependence on just one particular market; however, most manufacturers of gaming machines tend to specialize in this sector. Since the gaming industry is highly important to their survival, this weakens supplier power. † (Casinos Gaming Industry Profile) The supplier power for the casino industry would be considered at moderate to weak one with all of these different factors taken into affect. The casino industry today is one of the top industries within the United States. With casinos spreading all over the country it is increasing its market availability. The industry is made up of many different companies that perform/serve the same duties to the consumer creating an oligopoly. The seven factors that every industry must look into to see how they should move towards the future also intertwine with the driving forces and they key success factors of the industry. Overall the casino industry would be a moderate one with the five forces ranking from weak to strong.